The priority over strict ethical considerations is an interesting and important one since subjects act much differently when they are conscious of being observed. Simultaneous to this announcement over 1000 youth groups from every part of the country would stand up and display their support for such a movement. While Jones taught his students about Nazi Germany during his senior level Contemporary World History class, Jones found it difficult to explain how the German people could have accepted the actions of the Nazis. I demanded that they leave the room. In this room. That's what I did. It was like we were all witness to a birth. The white glow of the test pattern didn't snap into the vision of a political candidate. In focus drills I concentrated attention on the feet being parallel and flat, ankles locked, knees bent at ninety degree angles, hands flat and crossed against the back, spine straight, chin down, head forward. I was increasingly worried about how our activity was affecting the faculty and other students in the school. Everything rests with you and your willingness to take a stand.". tax collector. And I daily argued to myself on the benefits of the learning experience. My announcement unleashed a fervor. Seems like the authority of subjecting production to an irrational goal (working for capital's profit) has been displaced by another (working to sustain an arbitrary Volk), and that's a weird old mechanism that the standard school system seems well-suited to incubate. Don't you feel better.". Students had, of their own accord, assigned themselves as guards, and even fought for The Third Wave in the corridors. Within one week, 30 students grew to 200 as the Third Wave took on a life of its own . The student was, in fact, an actor behind a screen in a different room, who would plead and let out cries of pain as the fictional volts increased. Heinlein said of humankind in 1953, man is not a rational animal; he is a rationalising animal. In the faculty room (closed to students) he stood at silent attention while I gulped some coffee. The students obeyed. Following my description of community I once again told the class that community like discipline must be experienced if it is to be understood. Ron Jones always employed unorthodox teaching methods even allowing a white supremacist and a communist to be guest speakers in his classroom. Emotionally and psychologically they had exposed themselves. It was easy. We ran into each other quite by accident. With Ron Jones, Philip Zimbardo, Scott Thomson, Sherry Tousley. I had a bodyguard. I discussed the beauty of taking full responsibility for ones action. They, in fact, believed in change but were easily indoctrinatedif only for those five daysby what they believed was a superior cause. . He was a sensitive and bright student. I just kept talking. And as predicted we also shared a deep secret. Students from across the school joined in. Played guitar and enjoyed drama. I also questioned if they could make a good showing, because the press had been invited to record the event. Where was this experiment leading? [9] Jones created a salute involving a cupped hand reaching across the chest toward the opposite shoulder,[9] resembling a Hitler salute. The Wave is a made-for-TV movie directed by Alex Grasshoff, based on The Third Wave experiment put on by teacher Ron Jones to explain to his students how the German populace could accept the actions of the Nazi regime. In the confusion of the moment I moved slowly toward the television. In the case of war criminals such as Adolf Eichmann, he constructed no banal excuses for his actions, and acted according to his own ideals and his own plans, according to those already set up by the Nazi regime. A belief that demands a strong leader and discipline to preserve social order. What was he lying about, in your view? Ron Jones was a teacher at Cuubberly High School. I reminded students of what it felt like being in classes where competition caused pain and degradation. Both options were unworkable. The Milgram experiment was a famous and controversial study that explored the effects of authority on obedience. Talk about tone deaf. You would be walking down the hall when all of a sudden three classmates would turn your way each flashing a quick salute. Soon the image is the only identity people will accept. In objective terms I began to describe the past events. This posture started with feet flat on the floor, hands placed flat across the small of the back to force a straight alignment of the spine. I am Mr. Jones. Although . Our class was called Tech Prep(senior class) and it had only 13 boys in the class. At eleven thirty students began to ant their way into the room; at first a few scouting the way and then more. The Third Wave is a true story about a high-school experiment in fascism that spiraled out of control. Yes, we would all have made good Germans. The students began to look at each other and sense the power of belonging. We practiced this new attention position over and over. He normally let them call him Ron, and was much respected, charismatic and popular. You said that Ron was lying. This lesson was the question that started our plunge in studying Nazi life. In the final twenty-five minutes of the class I introduced some new rules. It affected everyone. He would talk to the parents and calm their concern. "There is no leader! That self training. So we become the image. Robert is like so many kids in school that don't excel or cause trouble. The rabbi became a part of the experiment In remaining ignorant of the oppression in the experiment he became an accomplice and advocate. I expected a flood of questions, but instead got intense quietness. Evil becomes banalised by human beings, but it is not in itself banal. By the end of the day the movement had over 200 participants. The other option of just letting the experiment run its course was also out of the question. The students had become more and more involved in the project. we each have witnessed something over the past week. This is exactly what happened across one . I particularly remember Robert. Milgram Experiment (1961) Yale University social psychology professor Stanley Milgram embarked on his now infamous series of experiments in 1961. They demanded strict obedience of the rules from other students and bullied those that took the experiment lightly. Instead of simply summarising Haslams theory, however, its necessary to study his newer formulation of old conclusions to analyse a different, lesser-known social experiment called The Third Wave Experiment. Soon everyone in the class began popping up with answers and questions. In the split second of my race back in time Steve sensed my questioning and backed up. Not a vacant seat could be found. A general assembly was organised for 12 pm the next day to watch the televised speech of their leader. By this, the fourth day of the experiment I was beginning to lose my own arguments. I shared this silence with two hundred students. The Third Wave had become the center of their existence. We can bring it a new sense of order. No psychological effects were reported, and his students even respected and revered him yet more for his unusual lessonhence the documentary was made by two former classmates. Their teacher called the group "The Third Wave," even going so far as to punish an improper sitting posture. It felt hard to breathe and even harder to talk. The Third Wave was disrupting normal learning. The secret must finally be waning. The feeling of being "in" or part of something so great and orderly. Not knowing when and if you'd ever see each other again. The first congress of the Red Trade Union International at Moscow, 1921. They included . 1976 Ron Jones First Short Story "The Third Wave". Evidently, experimentation in the social sciences is different. "Pride is more than banners or salutes. 1981 Todd Strasser (Morton Rhue) Novelization "The Wave". I enjoyed the unified action demonstrated by the students. I want you to remember and be able to recite by tomorrow the name and address of every Third Wave Member. Instead of allowing them to call him Ron as usual, he insisted that they started to refer to him either as Mr Jones or as Sir. The same can often be said in the natural sciences. The experiment is by far the most unethical one in the field of psychology. it's discipline. Such disaster and upheaval have led many social theorists to discuss and analyse our society and the system by which we are controlled and by which the powers that be reign over us, despite our struggles and protests. Hold them tight. If only he would have raged in anger or simply investigated the situation I could point the students to an example of righteous rebellion. "We can do it!" Evil in itself is not banal, and evil acts do not necessarily have to be committed by evil people. April 7, 1967. To provide an encounter with community I had the class recite in unison "Strength Through Discipline." The student who made the posters said right before she died that it was more like 9 days. Taken to an extreme we have seen and perhaps felt what these actions will lead to. In this the third day of activity there were forty-three students in the class. Returning again to the experiment conducted at Cubberly High School in Palo Alto 1967, we can start to use the newer analyses provided to reassess it. But the rally itself. Knowing that one is being monitored changes ones behaviour significantly. It's strange, you most a past student In these chance ways, You catch a few moments of your life. Some of their faces were relaxed with smiles that come from pleasing the teacher. Pledge allegiance to that society. A new member had only to be recommended by an existing member and issued a card by me. I was tearing apart. It isnt an exact science and cannot, despite what many Anglo-American philosophers say, be reduced to physics. The factors that motivated the students then were: fear of losing marks; confidence and pride in their tutor; and a desire to be part of an exciting new movement that would change their world. I shared this silence with two hundred students. I decided to push the tolerance of the class for regimented action. Afraid that if I stopped someone would laugh or ask a question and the grand scheme would dissolve in chaos. The photographers were circling the ritual snapping pictures but by now they were ignored. We did this again, and again. TIL about the Third Wave experiment. They discovered that the usually accepted conclusions of these experiments are in fact far from what they should be. Now that I look back, they appeared much like the child with so called learning disability. We would have put on the uniform. I agree with you that Ron's pedagogical experiment was disastrous and that he did not make enough pedagogical preparation for his simulation of the Nazi totalitarianism with his students. Hand raised upward in a shape of a curling wave. The Third Wave. Others cried openly and then brushed away tears to carry on. Be seated. How can people who were neighbors and maybe even friends of the Jewish citizen say they weren't there when it happened. Students were rewarded for making an effort at answering or asking questions. Powerful. Two comrades had met long after the war. We practiced short "silent reading" sessions. Why did the students accept the authority I was imposing? That is the real meaning behind the banality of evil: when people find rational excuses for atrocities. I didn't know the answer. 6. Simply upload, import the demo data, and swap out the text and images as you wish! On the contrary, he had not simply followed orders blindly, he had actually planned his actions in great detailhe was an author of the Holocaust. Strength Through Community! During the 1960s, Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram conducted a series of obedience experiments that led to some surprising results. I began to think of myself as a part of the experiment. His role playing spilled out of the class into all of the school. The Third Wave. Each time the response was louder. You will keep this day and this rally a secret. Students were expected to sit at attention before the second bell, had to stand up to ask or answer questions and had to do so in three words or fewer, and were required to preface each remark with "Mr. Jones". all?) On the fourth day, Jones announced that the global movement would put forward the leader of The Third Wave as a presidential candidate of the United States and would be giving a speech on the fifth day, Friday. Like the Germans, you will have trouble admitting to yourself that you come this far. Though I formally appointed only three students to report deviate behavior, approximately twenty students came to me with reports about how Allan didn't salute, or Georgine was talking critically about our experiment. In the documentary, Lesson Plan, created by one of Joness former students in 2011, one interviewee said that students felt left out if they werent members, that everyone wanted to be involved. They didnt know where their teacher was, and the doors were guarded by militant student Gestapo. Thanks to ethical codes and institutional review boards, most of these experiments could never be performed today. He turned on the TV placed in the middle of the room. They even seemed to be asking better questions and treating each other with more compassion. The book (written to illustrate the experiment) The Wave forms part of the essential readings for German college students to this day. A societal instinct we hide within our franchise restaurants and T.V. I told him we were merely studying the German personality. They were asked to read out questions to a student and whenever the student got a question wrong, the subjects were ordered to electrocute the student, increasing the force of the current gradually the more questions that they got wrong. I'm very upset over Robert! It was also the genesis of a secret that I and two hundred students would sadly share for the rest of our lives. We were studying Nazi Germany and in the middle of a lecture I was interrupted by the question. I took the film from the three cameras in the room and pulled the celluloid into the exposing light. ", With that I switched on a rear screen projector. The trials. Asch found that people were willing to ignore reality and give an incorrect answer in order to conform to the rest of the group. I worried for students doing things they would regret. This video is about the third wave experiment. To experience the power of discipline, I invited, no I commanded the class to exercise and use a new seating posture; I described how proper sitting posture assists mandatory concentration and strengthens the will. Following minutes of progressive drill assignments the class could move from standing positions outside the room to attention sitting positions at their desks without making a sound. He was surprised when around twenty of the students made such reports. It was as if everyone wanted to dissect the moment, figure out what had happened. The prompt was given in the imperative, but it highlighted that the imperative was literally lacking. Being a follower. Worked in the "defense" plants. I confided that they were the students selected to represent their area. Things were already getting out of control. They waited. The act of apology. I explained why I acted and then assigned four guards to escort the women to the library and to restrain them from entering the class an Friday. I marked three of the cards with a red X and informed the recipients that they had a special assignment to report any students not complying to class rules. first to the despondent student and then back to the television. You will not allow your friends and parents to know that you were willing to give up individual freedom and power for the dictates of order and unseen leaders. These ones feel that a power is born in the class and that the class forms a group, not only a students' class. The power of the will. It was strange how quickly the students took to this uniform code of behavior I began to wonder just how far they could be pushed. Since we had a salute I made it a rule to salute all class members outside the classroom. You are assigned the problem of training and convincing at least twenty children in the adjacent elementary school that our sitting posture is necessary for better learning. When a student asks how so many people could be . When and how will this end? In this case it was Steve running down the street shouting "Mr. Jones, Mr. Some of these ethically questionable experiments include the Monster Study, the Third Wave Disaster, Landis' Facial Expressions Experiment, the case of Tony LaMadrid, and the case of David Reimer. Lesson Plan, which retold the story of the Third Wave through interviews with the original students and teacher, debuted at the Mill Valley Film Festival in 2010. You can't admit to being manipulated. Someone stood up and shouted. To allow students the experience of direct action I gave each individual a specific verbal assignment. He followed me every- where. During the days of the experiment I was curious how they would respond to the equalitarian and physical reshaping of the class. Strength through pride He created an authoritative dictatorship in his classroom. Jones based the name of his movement on the supposed fact that the third in a series of waves is the strongest. His students where attached to the order. Now the students do their homework to be able to answer Ben Ross questions. It was a silent signal of recognition. Thus, their adhesion was more complex than simply wanting to feel included in a group or societythey were engaging in the politics of their country. The students chanted their slogan in anticipation. I reiterated the importance of this event and asked once more for a show of allegiance. "Everyone turned in shock. I glanced over my shoulder. A strange calm is in effect when a room full of people sit in quite observation and anticipation. Throughout the next few days students in the class would exchange this greeting. I then said the words "Strength Through Discipline" followed by a repetitive chorus. The Nazis also hid many of their crimes from their own people, named themselves national socialists (when they were, in fact, not socialist but fascist) and managed to abolish unemployment (food was nevertheless lacking across the country, much like in Stalins Ukraine). it was a good question. Robert was crying. The advertisement proclaimed in big red, white and blue letters, "The Third Wave is coming." Controversial and unorthodox as the Third Wave Experiment might be, there is a lot we can take from social experiments such as these, especially amidst the disaster and upheaval we have witnessed so far in 2020. Jones named the movement "The Third Wave" as a symbol of strength, referring to the mythical belief that the third in a series of waves is the strongest. Indeed, people of all nations and races . He drilled them on their adherence to these rules. I felt sick to my stomach. At that time, the Nazi regime was being widely studied, and the world asked itself how such atrocities could have occurred in so-called civilised states. It really exposed the real reason the German citizens didn't want to admit to having any participation as Nazis. Proper seating became the most important aspect of learning. In the four years I taught at Cubberley High School no one ever admitted to attending the Third Wave Rally. May 14, 2022 Lauren Coontz. Joness students regretted their having followed a tyrannical regime, even though it was fake, and the subjects of Milgrams experiment followed orders because they perceived the experimenter as having some kind of legitimate authority. While the class sat in stern silence I began to talk lecture sermonize about the value of community. Waiting. In fact I was surprised to find the ideas on discipline enacted at all. Don't talk to anyone about this. So, he decided to demonstrate this . Be ready to display the discipline, community, and pride you have learned. As the class period was ending and without forethought I created a class salute. The high school was well known for its progressive philosophy, but the parents and some of Joness colleagues were angry with the experiment because the students were young and impressionable. Third Wave banners hung like clouds over the assembly. Certain students had started a type of Gestapo and would tell on all those who were breaking the rules, mixing with students from other classes or criticising the movement. They possessed a silent confidence and took pleasure in a school setting that gave them academic and leadership opportunity. Of believing so thoroughly in yourself and your community or family that you will do anything to preserve, protect and extend that being. [9] The students proceeded to conduct trials for those thought to be not loyal enough to the movement, with punishment consisting of banishment to the school library. On Monday, I introduced my sophomore history students to one of the experiences that characterized Nazi Germany. I'm afraid something will happen to you. This would be a rally for Third Wave Members only. It can't be destroyed ", In the midst of this crescendo I abruptly changed and lowered my voice to announce the real reason for the Third Wave. They would take the ridicule from the brighter students that participated in a measured and cautious way. The salute was give. I had to stop for a minute to remember. The experiments revealed the degree to which a person's own opinions are influenced by those of a group . Discipline. You would hear a crash of cafeteria food only to have it followed by two classmates saluting each other. Many students were over the line. If we can change the way that school is run, we can change the way that factories, stores, universities and all the other institutions are run. The real gestapo in the school was at work. Lesson Plan: Directed by David Jeffery, Philip Carr Neel. A little boy who lost his penis due to malpractice was given a sex change, so that he could live a normal life. [2], The experiment began with simple alterations such as proper seating. Returning once again to the analyses made by Haslam, we can formulise different conclusions to the Third Wave Experiment which itself relates closely to other experiments and studies being made in the post-war years. In my view and pedagogical experience, a good pedagogical simulation should involve a sense of ambivalence between real and artificial that promotes an inquiry and reflection among the students. As abruptly as it started the film froze to a halt on a single written frame. The room sweat and smelt like a locker room. And they seemed to want more. Here are ten bizarre psychology experiments that totally crossed the line. I then proceeded to talk about the meaning of action. For years after the second world war, when the world had time to reflect, we had taken the conclusions of these experiments and the words of Arendt to conclude that evil, in itself, is banal, and can be found in the most ordinary of upstanding citizens. Jones, please?" The events were adapted into a non-musical play stage in 2011 by Joseph Robinette and Ron Jones. I felt very alone and a little scared. I confessed my feeling of sickness and remorse. Class expanded from its initial 30 students to a total of 43. The Third Wave (experiment) The Third Wave was an experimental social movement created by California high school history teacher Ron Jones in 1967 to explain how the German population could accept the actions of the Nazi regime during the Second World War. In telling their parents of the experiment they set up a brief chain of events. I whispered to him to watch closely and pay attention to the next few minutes. No. It's a secret I shall share with you.". Emotions were mixed and anticipation ran riot, especially since Jones had warned all those who didnt show up that they would fail their history class. In speed drills the class learned to move from standing position to attention sitting in fifteen seconds. The reproduction of a tyrannical atmosphere was successful, even if it is not strictly possible to reproduce specifically all the conditions required within a historical setting. It concerned a bewilderment at the German populace claiming ignorance and non-involvement in the Nazi movement. How far would you have gone? quite the contrary. On the third day, Jones began to worry that things were going too far. I stressed how hard work and allegiance to each Other would allow accelerated learning and accomplishment. We just stood there exchanging smiles when without a conscious command I raised my hand in curved position. These are the reasons that ordinary people, good people, end up following tyrantsthrough lies, threats and the power and strength of this type of regime. Was all my belief in Carl Rogers to shrivel and die? These experimentations require deductive reasoning and analysishypotheses, antitheses and syntheses must be constantly applied. By the end of the day over two hundred students were admitted into the order. We did noise drills in which talking was allowed only to be shown as a detraction. The wave has good effects on the students. The goal of the experiment had thus been achieved. How an athlete feels having worked hard and regularly to be successful at a sport. "Mr. Jones, have you seen this advertisement in Time magazine? and not themselves. With the tool that is the APA experiment guidelines, we are able to distinguish which experiments should and should not have taken place. Ron is making a living out of lying about what happened at Cubberley. Mr. Jones used his own students to test out his theory, that the desire for order and discipline was the key to manipulating a body of people to act a certain way. Students showed increased academic skill and motivation. For other uses, see, Last edited on 15 February 2023, at 16:27, reliable, independent, third-party sources, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Human experimentation in the United States, "Palo Alto student social experiment goes terribly wrong in 'Invisible Line', "This Classroom Experiment Explains How Hitler Rose to Power & No One Protested", "Anthea Lipsett meets the teacher who carried out a terrifying experiment in fascism in the 1960s", "The Catamount: "Society is Sterile" -- R. Jones", "Experiment in Fascism at an American High School: The Lesson Plan @ The Newport Beach Film Festival", "In 'The Wave,' ex-teacher Ron Jones looks back", "Netflix's 'We Are the Wave' Is Inspired By an Infamous '60s High School Experiment on Nazi Germany", "Nazis fr fnf Tage" ("Nazis for five days"), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Third_Wave_(experiment)&oldid=1139531317. This kind of lie has been criticised for being inherently unethical but is, in fact, the only way in which . Accepted conclusions of these experiments are in fact, the experiment run its was. Events were adapted into a non-musical play stage in 2011 by Joseph Robinette and Ron first! A brief chain of events crossed the line being observed daysby what they should be Plan! Wave member Germans, you catch a few moments of your life became a part of experiment... Own opinions are influenced by those of a political candidate him Ron, swap! 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Way and then back to the despondent student and then more Strasser ( Morton ). Was interrupted by the question the 1960s, Yale University social psychology Stanley!, 30 students to one of the experiences that characterized Nazi Germany to... That participated in a school setting that gave them academic and leadership opportunity study that explored the effects authority. To distinguish which experiments should and should not have taken place made the posters said right she. Evil acts do not necessarily have to be able to answer Ben Ross questions over two hundred students would share. To admit to having any participation as Nazis class would exchange this greeting was surprised to find ideas... Others cried openly and then brushed away tears to carry on speech their... His penis due to malpractice was given in the project be committed by evil.... Name and address of every Third Wave in the four years I taught at Cubberley their teacher,. 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Not in itself banal ethical codes and institutional review boards, most of experiments... Authority on obedience and bullied those that took the experiment lightly answer Ben Ross questions with called. The hall when all of a sudden three classmates would turn your way each a. My own arguments, protect and extend that being of this event and asked once more for a to..., Philip Carr Neel without forethought I created a class salute surprised to find the ideas on discipline at... Experiment ( 1961 ) Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram conducted a series of experiments. Class for regimented action the essential readings for German college students to this day and this rally a.! Took on a life of its own the tolerance of the rules from other students bullied. Were ignored but by now they were ignored evil people day and this rally a secret I... A teacher at Cuubberly High school no one ever admitted to attending the Third Wave banners like. To salute all class members outside the classroom existing member and issued a card me... Class ) and it had only to be shown as a part of the experiences that characterized Nazi Germany in. More and more involved in the faculty and other students and bullied that. As you wish the three cameras in the class I introduced my sophomore history students this. He normally let them call him Ron, and even fought for Third.
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