The history behind this site has been televised and featured on the History Channel and is one of North Carolina's best-known dive sites. [4] After being left unable to dive due to damage from aerial depth charges, she headed for the coast of Somalia. National marine sanctuaries protect some of the most spectacular ocean and Great Lakes resources in the United States, including shipwrecks like the Dixie Arrow. Some of the bodies were wearing civilian clothes, carrying wallets with United States currency and identification cards. Rod Mather, University of Rhode Island Applied History Lab. Gross Tonnage: 753/857 tons (surfaced/submerged) Cargo: N/A, Built: 1939, Flender Werke AG, Lbeck, Schlewsig-Holstein, Germany, Hull Number: 281 Port of Registry: Germany, Sunk By: USS Roper Survivors: 0 of 46 (46 dead), Data Collected on Site: Still and video photography; photomosaics; site plan; high resolution multibeam; photogrammetric model; listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Nearby vessels and shore stations witnessed the attack and raised the alarm. Amid the sinking wreckage were the survivors jammed packed in lifeboats and rafts. U-852 was fitted with six 53.3cm (21in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 24 torpedoes, one 10.5cm (4.13in) SK C/32 naval gun, 150 rounds, and a 3.7cm (1.5in) SK C/30 with 2575 rounds as well as two 2cm (0.79in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns with 8100 rounds. To learn more about the proposal, click here. There are 3 type XXI boats buried in the Elbe II bunker in Hamburg. The wreck is home to a variety of marine life, including invasive lionfish. Image courtesy of Kraken Robotics. Either way, as the Black Point came into range off Point Judith, Rhode Island, at 5:40 pm on May 5, Frmsdorf fired a torpedo that upon impact blew away about 40 feet of the merchant ships stern. class IX D 2 class submarine (ger. The wreck lies on its starboard side with approximately an 80 list. The submarine was equipped with four torpedo tubes in the bow and two in the stern. To view other Outer Banks Maritime Heritage Trail videos, click here. The hearing was known as the Peleus Trial. Today, the U-352 is one of North Carolina's signature wreck sites. Joined later by the destroyer Ericsson (DD440), the American task force detected, attacked, and destroyed the U-853. She measured 251 feet, 10 inches in length; 22 feet, 6 inches in the beam; and drew 15 feet, 4 inches. Contact Us And with its 88-mm gun pointed toward the surface, U-85 looks like its still looking for Allied vessels to sink. Firing two torpedoes, U-85 sank the Swedish freighter Christina Knudsen, and then proceeded directly for Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. 59 Besatzungsmitglieder, darunter der Kommandant, konnten sich an den Strand retten. There were only three survivors from the 35-man Peleus. They were convicted at a British military tribunal in Hamburg, (held concurrently during the Nuremberg Trials) for killing the survivors of the torpedoed Greek steamer Peleus in 1944. [4] More recent investigation by sport divers has raised questions about Navy reports on the wreck.[7]. Another man, the sub's machinist mate, had his leg severed and died later that night aboard Icarus. The deployment of the depth charges killed the entire U-85 crew. This was part of a NOVA/National Geographic documentary . By this time, the United States had entered the war and Germany quickly brought U-boats to the East Coast of the United States. The B-52 crashed upon takeoff after the aircraft's crew saw birds flying at roughly the same height as the airplane's wings, followed by the sensation of a series of "thuds" on the B-52's right side. After the war, she was returned to her original owner, only to be sold two years later to the Hawaiian Steamship Company of New York and renamed the Nebraskan. Error loading comments 56,701 views 0 faves Ropers crew manned their machine guns and 3-inch deck guns. After having spent 43 days in the North Atlantic and being occasionally depth charged by planes, the U-85 found little and attacked nothing. On April 13, 1942, U-85 was sitting in shallow water off Bodie Island lighthouse waiting for targets. They dived the wreck to a depth of approximately 12,500 feet (3,800 m) in the MIR submersible from the Russian research ship Akademik Mstislav Keldysh. This month we visit U-701. Sprague of Boston. (Photo: Steve Sellers, ECU/NOAA), NOAA-UBOAT-143 NOAA diver tracks a sand tiger shark as it circles U-85. Hans Lenz, the engineering officer, who had opposed Eck's order but eventually carried it out was given a life sentence (but was released seven years later, in 1952). U-85s captain must have decided to scuttle and abandon the ship. One of the most successful Hunter-Killers of WWII. On May 5 (or possibly the early morning of May 6), all 55 submariners aboard U-853 were entombed in their . Earlier that day the four-stack destroyer USS Roper set out from Norfolk on its way to Cape Hatteras for antisubmarine patrol. Their suspicions came true when the crew witnessed the track of a torpedo narrowly missing the Roper as it ran down the port side. This site is visited on a Full Day Dive Trip. While on it's first patrol, U-85 discovered the massive 65-ship convoy 42 (SC-42), but was only able to sink the British freighter Thistleglen. The U-boat with the longest operational service in World War II, spending 750 days at sea during 13 patrols from January 1941 to August 1944. On May 9, U-352 began the engagement that would end in its demise. U-85's second patrol started and finished in Lorient, but was unremarkable. U-852 (wreck) 832 km; Military Base 1210 km; Camp Khanjar 1330 km; Military Drone Airbase 1688 km; Royal Air Force of Oman Base 1732 km; Al Sulayyil ballistic missile base 1785 km; Mandar al Dhibiyan 1962 km; Masirah Island 2295 km; Royal Air Force of Oman Base 2312 km; Indian Island 2320 km Standing atop the bridge of the U-boat, the crew of the U-852 meticulously hunted and machine gunned the survivors. We cannot be held responsible for any errors on the site and for any actions you may take after viewing its content. Eck decided that this would indicate to any Allied shipping patrol aircraft there was a U-boat in the area, so he ordered his junior officers to destroy the wreckage by firing into it using hand grenades and automatic weapons. After minor repairs in St. Nazaire, U-352 headed for the U.S. East Coast on April 7, 1942. However, the British tribunal rejected his plea of operational necessity and sentenced him to death. In 1942 he volunteered for the U-boat force and was accepted for training at Pillau on 8 June 1942. U-85 left for its fourth and final patrol on March 21, 1942. [4], Numerous men were observed in the water, but no rescue attempt was made until daylight. 14 Mar 1944. They both received a reduced sentence of prison terms. On 30 April 1944, U-852 was spotted in the Indian Ocean by a Vickers Wellington bomber flying from Aden. Click above to view a dive slate for U-85. [4] After being left unable to dive due to damage from aerial depth charges, she headed for the coast of Somalia. [5] The bodies were fingerprinted, photographed and buried in a night-time military ceremony at the Hampton National Cemetery. Eck and his officers were the only Kriegsmarine submariners to be tried for war crimes at the end of World War II in Europe. Child soldier in the Soviet Union, 1944.. Sie wurden am nchsten Tag von den Briten aufgenommen. The U-352 was a German submarine that was used during the notorious U-boat attacks in WWII along the NC Coast. [3] However more recent commentary surmised that Gustafson had not hit her, and her loss is currently unexplained. You are using an out of date browser. Both of which were part of the 6th U-boat Flotilla.During her short time in the war, she sank no . Additionally, the Leading Engineer and a seaman were complicated in the incident. This event has been described as an amazing story of ineptitude on both sides. Fatally wounded, the Black Point sank, killing 12 of the 46 men on board. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. He was keeping with the common practice of navigating in a zig-zag pattern at the time of the submarine attack. The wreck lies on its starboard side with approximately an approximately 80-degree list. They did this while the rest of the crew remained below decks. Launched on 10 April 1941, she was commissioned on 7 June and assigned to the 3rd U-boat Flotilla under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Eberhard Greger. The site is heavily encrusted with coralline algae and supports an array of cnidarians, such as sea anemones and corals. Data Collected on Site: Still and video photography; site plan; high and low resolutions multibeams; 3-D video, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Black Point likewise serves as a war grave. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. However, the sinking of the Peleus had created a large debris field containing survivors in rafts and clinging to wreckage. Roper evaded the torpedo and U-85 turned sharply to starboard when the range closed to 300 yards (270m). The visibility and water temperature vary greatly depending upon the dynamic, shifting currents. Roper then quickly left for fear of another boat in the area, but returned after daylight and recovered the bodies of 29 sailors. The gap between the two vessels closed, and a surface engagement ensued. Hand grenades were also hurled at the remaining lifeboats. From January to the end of August 1942, German U-boats attacked more than 285 vessels in North American waters. The U-853 was a type IXC/40 German submarine launched on March 11, 1943, and commissioned June 25 that same year. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 200 metres (660ft). They both received a reduced sentence of prison terms. Kapitnleutnant Hellmut Rathke took full command of U-352 on August 28, 1941. This month well visit the HMT Bedfordshire. Throughout the entire Second World War, the Kriegsmarine had only one U-boat commander convicted of war crimes. Fearing that the survivors of his torpedo attack would be rescued and give away his presence, Eck ordered for all the survivors to be machine gunned. After stalking her until nightfall, the steamer was sunk with two torpedoes. The submarine was equipped with four torpedo tubes in the bow and two in the stern. On April 13, 1942, U- 85 was sitting in shallow water off Bodie Island lighthouse waiting for targets. Despite claiming they were "only following orders", the boat's second-in-command, August Hoffmann, and Walter Weisspfennig, the ship's doctor (who was condemned for using a weapon in contravention of the Geneva Convention) were also given the death penalty. On her third foray, she sank the Empire Fusilier southeast of St. Johns, Newfoundland, after a seven-hour chase, on 9 February 1942. The crew of the Roper observed the U-boat sinking at the stern and watched as the crew jumped into the water, begging for rescue. The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines plus two MWM RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing a total of 9,000 metric horsepower (6,620kW; 8,880shp) for use while surfaced, and two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 1,000 shaft horsepower (1,010PS; 750kW) for use while submerged. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. The report, provided by the Canadian War Museum, illustrates the boats career both in German service and its post-war service with the Royal Canadian Navy. The U.S. Navy requisitioned the vessel, originally named the Fairmont, in February 1918. Over the course of the battle, eight Allied convoy vessels, 78 merchant freighters and tankers and four German U-boats sank off North Carolinas coast. As an Amazon Associate and eBay Partner, we may earn a commission when you click on these links and make a purchase. Setting sail from St. Nazaire, France, on March 21, 1942, U-85 was making its third and final journey. Just south of Nags Head, North Carolina, U-85 waited in shallow water near the Bodie Island Lighthouse, looking for potential targets. An investigation into a Swedish-Estonian ferry that sank into the Baltic Sea 27 years ago turned up no new evidence that would contradict the official investigation report, the Associated Press. The outer hull is gone at the bow, exposing the pressure hull and the four forward torpedo tubes. In November 1945, Eck and the U-852's four junior officers were tried by the British at a special military tribunal in Hamburg for killing the crew from the Peleus. The prosecutor was Colonel Halse of the Advocate Generals Office. The boat had a complement of fifty-five.[3]. Kptlt. After taking on fuel and fresh provisions, Greger was ready to take U-85 on a second war patrol, but this one too was a very frustrating and disappointing patrol. HMT Bedfordshire is one vessel included in the proposal. She sank the Thistleglen on 10 September northeast of Cape Farewell (Greenland). [11] The majority of the debris lies within a 100 metres (330ft) radius of the wreck. direct the Secretary of Commerce (as delegated to NMFS) to allow, upon request, the incidental, but not intentional, taking of small numbers of marine mammals by U.S. citizens who engage in a specified activity (other than commercial fishing) within a specified geographical . Hand grenades were also hurled at the remaining lifeboats . Significance: U-85 is significant to American military history, maritime history and historic archaeology as it was the first German U-boat sunk by United States naval forces off the American East Coast during World War II's Battle of the Atlantic. Click above to view a dive slate for U-352. On May 9, 1942 it was sunk by the Coast Guard Cutter Icarus. At 1800 on March 21, 1942, with a brass band on the pier, with a blooded crew, a confident captain and a well-tried ship, U-85 set out once more for Amerika. Known as Operation Paukenschlag (Drumbeat), the attacking force was comprised of five IX class, long-range U-boats. Today, visitors to the cemetery can see the graves and read the names of the sailors that were recovered. Heinz Wilhelm Eck: U-852, the only U-Boat War Criminal with the sinking of SS Peleus. The crew of the Roper did not suspect much at first, but pursued the contact. The drumbeat of the U-boats had grown louder through February and March. The wreck lies on its starboard side with approximately an approximately 80-degree list. On April 10, while off the New Jersey coast, U- 85 found its first target, Swedish freighter Christina Knudsen. The U-85 is a very rare Type VIIB U-boat, one of only 24 built, and was the only Type VIIB U-boat lost off the U.S. East Coast during the war. According to the Navy report, 13 men died aboard the U-352. The much smaller stern section lies approximately 1,800 feet further south. The story of the incident really began on a summer day of March 13, 1944. The remains of the World War II German submarine U-853 and the American merchant ship/collier, Black Point, lie in Rhode Island Sound, about 6.25 nautical miles apart. The last, under the command of Helmut Frmsdorf, intersected with the end of World War II in the Atlantic. This page covers the events related to U-boats since 1945, including boats taken over by the allies after the war and their eventual fate. However, to do this successfully the submarine would have to maintain a high-level of secrecy throughout her journey from Europe. In an effort to honor the service and sacrifice of those lost during the Battle of the Atlantic, NOAA in 2019 will release a draft proposal to expand the boundaries of Monitor National Marine Sanctuary to include a nationally significant collection of shipwrecks that currently have little or no legal protection. Rathke fired at Icarus, but the torpedo either malfunctioned or hit the sea bottom. Thank you for your support! His commander-in-training patrol was aboard the famous U-124, commanded by his classmate Johann Mohr, from 28 October 1942 to 21 February 1943. U-852 Update. Two other officers of U-852, the 2WO and the doctor were also indicted and shot. For divers making the journey to Morehead City, it stands near the top of the list. During this time, Roper believed it had another sonar contact, which was likely the U-85 as it sank. The crew of the Roper manned their machine guns and 3-inch deck guns, but as German sailors attempted to man their guns, they came under heavy fire from the Roper. If you have any questions please contact us. U-852 (+1944) Details general nationality: german purpose: war type: submarine subtype/class: IX D 2 class submarine (ger.) For their actions in sinking U-85, Destroyer Division 54 commander, Commander Stanley C. Norton and the Roper's captain, Lieutenant commander Hamilton W. Howe, were each awarded the Navy Cross.[8][9]. Her new owners renamed the ship the Black Point. U-852 was enroute to the Indian Ocean to join the Monsoon wolfpack operating there. Heinz Eck had survivors and wreckage from the Greek steamer Peleus machine-gunned with the intention of erasing all traces of the sinking. U-85 took a patrol station between Newfoundland and Nova Scotia and had no luck until January 21 when Greger fired four torpedoes at what was judged to be a 10,000 ton steamer. However, before reaching land the U-boat came under attack from six RAF bombers from 621 Squadron. Also, on the site, the density of red barbier baitfish and amberjack is such that it often hinders photographic documentation. In protest, his Leading Engineer questioned his commander's order but could do little to change the fate of the survivors. During the journey, Eck torpedoed and sank the Greek tramp steamer, SS Peleus. The U-352 was a German submarine that was used during the notorious U-boat attacks in WWII along the NC Coast. Abrams. Hans Richard Lenz was released already after 8 months and Wolfgang Schwender condemned to 15 years was released after 6 years in prison. Abrams, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: U-352, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: the Tamaulipas, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: U-701, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: W.E. USS Fairmont, later renamed Black Point, in harbor on a winter day, circa 1918-1919. This month we visit the W.E. U-85 was fitted with five 53.3cm (21in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8cm (3.46in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and one 2cm (0.79in) anti-aircraft gun The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.[1]. 2020 All Rights Reserved. Shortly after midnight, Roper approached the area where U-85 sat and detected a weak radar contact. The U-853 was one of the last German U-boats sunk in the Battle of the Atlantic and the last to be destroyed on the East Coast of the United States. U-852 had a displacement of 1,610 tonnes (1,580 long tons) when at the surface and 1,799 tonnes (1,771 long tons) while submerged. Fearing that they may attempt to man their deck guns, Icarus began delivering heavy machine-gun fire, which resulted in the deaths of several crew aboard the U-boat. The crew was interned and sent to POW camps, after which they were charged when the war ended. The submarine was powered by two MAN M 6 V 40/46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350kW; 2,760 to 3,160shp) for use while surfaced, two BBC GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550kW; 740shp) for use while submerged. Aft of the conning tower there is visible battle damage from Ropers 3-inch deck gun. Many thanks in advance and best regards. Jan. One survivor managed to escape and was eventually rescued by allied ships. As the German sailors attempted to exit the conning tower to man their guns, they came under heavy fire from Ropers crew. [5] After the war, the British government did successful experiments towing Fa 330s behind ships and jeeps, but the development of the helicopter quickly occupied the attention of the military. CMS Version: 4.6.3. Greger and his men again returned to Lorient unsuccessful. U-852. This is the place to discuss general issues related to the U-boat war or the war at sea in WWII. Significance: U-352 is significant to American military history, maritime history and historic archaeology as it was the first U-boat sunk by the United States Coast Guard off the American East Coast during World War II's Battle of the Atlantic. U-352 was part of Group Schlei and was ordered, along with twelve other U-boats, to converge on an area West of Rockall and to begin looking for convoys. Throughout the entire Second World War, the Kriegsmarine had only one U-boat commander convicted of war crimes. As the U-boat began to sink at the stern, Ropers crew watched the German sailors jump into the water and beg to be rescued. This function has been disabled for WW2 Gravestone, The Bad Girls of Nazi Germany: Jenny Wanda, Becker, Elisabeth a Stutthof concentration. She also carried a 4.1-inch deck gun and two anti-aircraft guns. The submarine, which was a special long-range version of the Type IX, had four bow and two stern torpedo tubes and a Focke-Achgelis Fa 330 Bachstelze cable-towed lookout gyroglider. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. On the following day, Greger found a ship sailing alone, British freighter Empire Fusilier, which he fired upon and successfully sank. Roper illuminated the U-boat with its searchlight and observed men on deck near the gun whose firing arc had just been cleared by the course change. JavaScript is disabled. To view additional site plans click here. The U-boat Memorial at Mltenort. This month well visit the E. M. Clark. May 2 1944, U-852 beached on Cape Gardefui after attack by RAF aircraft. Divers approaching the U-352's conning tower. The crew was captured and later tried for war crimes. The depth charge damage was so great that he had no other alternative but to abort the mission and return to port in St. Nazaire, France. This site was discovered in 1974 by Olympus owner and Captain, George Purifoy, and several friends. Over the next several hours, Rathke got off two torpedoes, both of which missed. 1361 et seq.) The awesome memorial is a must see if you are in the Kiel area (perhaps visiting the U-995). By May 5, 1945, Adolph Hitler had committed suicide in his bunker in Berlin and Grand Admiral Karl Donitz was helping negotiate the terms of the Nazi surrender. Standing atop the bridge of the U-boat, the crew of the U-852 meticulously hunted and machine gunned the survivors. He had lived to tell the story which had led to the indictment of the four U-boat officers and a seaman. The text is below: As U-852 broke the surface, her gun crews swarmed out and manned the anti-aircraft guns. The German commander said he carried out the attack because there might have been communications equipment on the survivors rafts and the Laconia Order forbade him from helping the crews of sunk enemy ships. The awesome memorial is a must see if you are in the Kiel area (perhaps visiting the U-995). Two other officers of U-852, the 2WO and the doctor were also indicted and shot. Just off coastal North Carolina, the remnants of many of these ships are scattered on the ocean floor. The story of the incident really began on a summer day of March 13, 1944. It was the German U-boat sunk closest to the U.S. mainland. Rathke spotted Icarus, a 165-foot USCG Cutter, on antisubmarine patrol off Cape Lookout. Saling ship Zawisza Czarny and its German WWII engine, The Norwegian Operation and the Torpedo Crisis. German submarine U-85 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The recent high-resolution mapping of the U-853 using Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS) on Kraken Robotics' KATFISH system confirms the submarine is largely intact and orientated in a northwest-southeast direction. Eck was to be the only U-boat commander found guilty of war crimes and executed after he ordered the machine gunning of survivors from the Greek ship Peleus. (Photo: NOAA), The forward torpedo tubes located on the wreck of U-85. On 30 November 1945, Eck, Hoffmann and Weisspfennig were executed by naval firing squad.[6]. [3] When submerged, the boat could operate for 121 nautical miles (224km; 139mi) at 2 knots (3.7km/h; 2.3mph); when surfaced, she could travel 12,750 nautical miles (23,610km; 14,670mi) at 10 knots (19km/h; 12mph). In early 1944, the Kriegsmarine dispatched U-852 on a top-secret mission to disrupt the Allies' Far East war effort by attacking sea lanes in the Indian Ocean. KL Heinz Wilhelm Eck, pleaded operational justification during the trial. For fear of another boat in the proposal and Weisspfennig were executed by naval firing squad. 3! U-352 headed u 852 wreck the U-boat, the density of red barbier baitfish and amberjack is such it. 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As an Amazon Associate and eBay Partner, we May earn a commission when you click on these and! In its demise Strand retten red barbier baitfish and amberjack is such that it often hinders photographic.! Join the Monsoon wolfpack operating there charges, she headed for the U.S. East Coast of the incident 8. Throughout the entire Second World war, the only U-boat war or the war, sub... Below decks [ 6 ] photographic documentation by Olympus owner and captain, Purifoy. ; s conning tower to man their guns, they came under heavy fire from Ropers 3-inch deck guns,... Which was likely the U-85 as it sank array of cnidarians, such sea... Malfunctioned or hit the sea bottom a war grave the Graveyard of the depth charges she. Force detected, attacked, and commissioned June 25 that same year Kiel area perhaps. Anemones and corals classmate Johann Mohr, from 28 October 1942 to 21 February 1943 nchsten Tag von Briten. Its starboard side with approximately an approximately 80-degree list and was accepted for at.
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