Published 20 May 2022 35 charities, community groups and councils across England to receive share of 500,000 to commemorate Windrush Day on 22 June Commemorative schemes include festivals,. [26][25][28] Despite her damage, Monte Rosa was able to reach Aarhus in Denmark on 3 April. [4], This proved to be a great success. The arrival of the Empire Windrush nearly 73. "I know a lot about Britain from school days but it was a different picture from that one, when you came face to face with the facts. You can search and filter it using the controls at the top. Windrush settlers arrive in Britain, 1948 treasures of The National Archives (UK). For we need to remember . Our view, one that for obvious reasons we cannot prove, is that these men were among the many stowaways known to have been on the ship. [81], Sidney Silverman, lawyer and Member of Parliament, represented the interests of the ship's crew, and during the proceedings tried to show that Windrush was in an unsafe state and was not fit to be at sea - one of the four men killed in the accident, Engineer Leslie Pendleton, had written several letters to his father describing the ship's poor state of repair, many breakdowns, and a previous fire. Become an English Heritage Member and take full advantage of free entry to over 400 sites plus free or discounted . 86 of the passengers were children aged 12 and under. The second engineer was able to enter the engine room by wearing a smoke hood, but was unable to close a watertight door that might have contained the fire. Discovery is a catalogue of archival records across the UK and beyond, from which you can search 32 million records. Only one of these passengers was born in Barbados: Nancy Cunard, Freya Stark (Perowne) and Dr Henry Douglas Weatherhead his wife Annie and daughter Annie Pamela. Overall, 802 passengers gave their last country of residence as somewhere in the Caribbean. Entirely by chance we bumped into Margaret Collins the daughter of passenger number 589, Rudolph Collins, she was visiting at the same time as us. Margaret was thrilled when she found her fathers card. [81], It was thought the rapid failure of the ship's three main electrical generators was due to the fire consuming all the oxygen in the engine-room and stopping the internal combustion engines that powered them. [41][42][43] However, the ship's records, kept in the United Kingdom National Archives, indicate conclusively that 802 passengers gave their last place of residence as a country in the Caribbean. The vestment features a photo montage illustrating aspects of black history in Britain since the arrival of the MV Empire Windrush on June 22 1948, including the original 1948 'British citizen' passport issued to Alford Gardner, a passenger on the ship, and an image of Sam King, another of the ship's passengers, who later became the first black Mayor of Southwark. [50][51], One of the stowaways was a woman called as Evelyn Wauchope, a 39-year-old dressmaker. Although most passengers travelled beyond Europe, a significant number sailed to the UK. The transportation of military troops was not recorded in passenger lists. You can hear more of the conversations sparked by the theme of arrival on theConversation Booth website. In British service, she continued to be used as a troopship until March 1954, when the vessel caught fire and sank in the Mediterranean Sea with the loss of four crewmen. The first exhibition of this type was hosted atCity Hall (17 June - 21 July 2019) on the banks of the Thames. You can search and filter it using the controls at the top. They were single-reduction geared in pairs to two propellers. Find step-by-step Literature solutions and your answer to the following textbook question: From which country are all of the British passengers listed on pages 2 and 3 of the passenger manifest for the MV Empire Windrush?. She called at Kure and was to sail to the United Kingdom, calling at Hong Kong, Singapore, Colombo, Aden and Port Said. . They found no trace of the five crew and the vessel was towed to Colombo. This information will help us make improvements to the website. The story of the Empire Windrush starts pre-war when, in 1936, Blohm and Voss shipbuilders of Hamburg built the ship. [4], Monte Rosa was 500ft 6in (152.55m) long, with a beam of 65ft 8in (20.02m). [7], As the ship was government property, she was not insured. However there were various problems. Explore recreations of 1,027 individual landing cards representing each passenger who arrived on the MV Empire Windrush at Tilbury docks on 22 June 1948. Oswald "Columbus" Denniston, who was the first of the Windrush passengers to get a job according to the Daily Express at the time, told the BBC in 1998 that the atmosphere on the ship was "jolly". They included the Polish-Norwegian businessman and humanitarian Moritz Rabinowitz. What was life like on-board the Windrush? [10][Note 2] Some official documents, such as the enquiry report into the ship's loss, used "MV Empire Windrush" instead of "HMT". The Empire Windrush, on its route through Kingston, Jamaica, docked in Mexico to collect Nowak and another 38 adult women, 26 children and one adult male of Polish nationality. [22], In September 1943, the Tirpitz was badly damaged by British X-class submarines at Altafjord in Norway, during Operation Source. ", "Windrush Generation: 'They thought we should be planting bananas', "Troopships. [25], In June 1944, Max Manus and Gregers Gram, members of Norwegian Independent Company 1 (a British Army sabotage and resistance unit composed of Norwegians), attached limpet mines to Monte Rosa's hull while the ship was in Oslo harbour. June marks the 70th anniversary of the arrival of the Empire Windrush at Tilbury Docks, carrying 492 West Indians who were looking to rewrite their fortunes in a Britain desperate for labour. Passenger manifests can be useful sources of genealogical information. research. Source 3. The UK government was forced to apologise and offered compensation for anyone who had "suffered loss". Prior to 1962, the UK had no immigration control for CUKCs, who could settle indefinitely in the UK without restrictions. For records of passengers after 1960 it may be worth contacting the relevant shipping line. Explore recreations of 1,027 individual landing cards representing each passenger who arrived on the MV Empire Windrush at Tilbury docks on 22 June 1948. [5], The five Monte-class vessels were diesel-powered motor ships. Resources 1 - videos 4 There are many videos online on the voyage of the MV Empire Windrush in 1948, its historical background and its effects on the Caribbean community and their life in [7][74] The last person to leave Windrush was the chief officer at 7:30am. You might think that would make it pretty easy to get the basic facts about who was on board right. Passenger lists are not held by The National Archives after 1960, when air travel became more common. 7,788 Net tonnage. The first two to be launched Monte Sarmiento and Monte Olivia were in fact the first large diesel-powered passenger ships to see service with a German operator. Mona Baptiste is number seven on the list and her entry is beautifully clear, clear enough to see that her name was typed up as Baptisite. She was owned and operated by the German shipping line Hamburg Sd in the 1930s under the name Monte Rosa. During World War II she was operated by the German navy as a troopship. Each set of lifeboat davits accommodated two lifeboats and without electrical power, raising the wire ropes to lower the second boat was an arduous and slow task. [citation needed], On 7 February 1953, around 200 miles (320km) south of the Nicobar Islands, Windrush sighted a small cargo ship, the Holchu, adrift and sent out a general warning. [7] Her passengers included recovering wounded United Nations veterans of the Korean War, and some soldiers from the Duke of Wellington's Regiment who had been wounded at the Third Battle of the Hook in May 1953. Below is a new transcription of the Windrush passenger list held at The National Archives. The following morning, 22 June 1948 . [citation needed], However, the voyage was plagued with engine breakdowns and other defects, including a fire after the departure from Hong Kong. These passengers were the first of up to 500,000 immigrants to the UK who became known as the Windrush generation. Enter the tag you would like to associate with this record and click 'Add tag'. With fire spreading rapidly, the order was given to drop the remaining boats into the sea. Official Number: 181561. We can either copy our records onto paper or deliver them to you digitally, Visit us in Kew to see original documents or view online records for free, Consider paying for As many of the eyewitness accounts have stated since, the majority of the people on board were men. 8,530 long tons deadweight (DWT)Length: 500 ft 3 in (152.48 m)Beam: 65 ft 7 in (19.99 m)Propulsion: 4 SCSA diesel engines (Blohm & Voss, Hamburg), double reduction geared driving two propellers.Speed: 14.5 knots (26.9 km/h) |} The Empire Windrush arrived at Tilbury on 22 June 1948, carrying 493 passengers from Jamaica wishing . To access these records you will either need to visit us, pay for research() or, where you can identify a specific record reference, order a copy (). Major ones to try are the Library of Congress, Washington, the US National Archives and Records Administration, the Ellis Island Foundation, New York, Library and Archives Canada in Ottawa, the National Library of Australia, Canberra, the State Library of New South Wales, Sydney, Archives New Zealand, and the National Archives of Ireland. Write a list of the kind of jobs you think people coming to the UK would do. Sam King, who had served in England with the wartime RAF, was among them. [63][64] British forces had been in Greece since 1944, fighting on the side of the Kingdom of Greece in the Greek Civil War. [7], At around 6:15am on Sunday 28 March, there was a sudden explosion and fierce fire in the engine room that killed the third engineer, two other members of the engine-room crew and the first electrician; a fifth crew member in the engine room and one in the boiler room, both greasers, managed to escape. Advice for the Windrush generation on what to do next. Hear from on of those on board - who's . 4 SCSA diesel engines (Blohm & Voss, Hamburg), double reduction geared driving two propellers. [32], On 16 February 1945, Monte Rosa was damaged by a mine explosion near the Hel Peninsula in the Baltic, With a flooded engine room, the ship was towed to the German-occupied Polish port of Gdynia for temporary repairs. [48], The non-Caribbean people on the ship included serving RAF officer, Sierra Leonean John Henry Clavell Smythe, acting as a welfare-officer; he would go on to become Attorney General of Sierra Leone. The HMT Empire Windrush dropped anchor on the 21st June, 1948. [13] The ship was also used as a venue for Nazi gatherings when docked in London. Look at Source 3. Four hundred and ninety-two West Indian passengers had paid . We visited before it finished in February and it was an impressive display. The purpose of Windrush's voyage had been to transport service personnel. [7] The enquiry also concluded that Windrush was seaworthy at the time she caught fire. v3.0, the name and year of birth of the passenger. One of Ormonde's passengers was Ralph Lowe, the father of author and poet Hannah Lowe. Those that took us out to the Suez Canal Zone, but better still, brought us back home again", "Windrush engineer warned that ship was unsafe archive, 1954", "Recovering Windrush: The deep-sea hunt for a new monument to British history", "The mission to raise the anchor from a shipwreck as a monument to the generation it brought to Britain", Passenger List from the Public Record Office. You need to sign in to tag. Mr Denniston, who died in 2000 aged 86, went on to settle in Brixton, where he worked as a street trader. Until then, cruise holidays had been the preserve of the rich. The original passenger list for the journey of the MV Empire Windrush from the Caribbean to Tilbury in May/June 1948 is held at the National Archives at Kew in south west London. She was later used as an accommodation and recreational ship attached to the battleship Tirpitz, stationed in the north of Norway, from where Tirpitz and her flotilla attacked the Allied convoys en route to Russia. Windrush 492: Passenger List Port of embarkation Arrival port Passenger surname Passenger forename Passenger Age Passenger Occupation Last known place of residence Country of intended permanent residence 1 Trinidad Tilbury Barrow Lucy 19 Student Trinidad England 2 Trinidad Tilbury Baptisite Mona 21 Clerk Trinidad England Read tagging guidelines. Importantly, visitors were encouraged to share memories of and messages of solidarity with the Windrush Generation in the form of postcards that became part of the exhibition. At about midday, Saintes began to tow the ship to Gibraltar, at a speed of around 3.5 knots (6.5km/h), but Empire Windrush sank in the early hours of the following morning, Tuesday, 30 March 1954,[7] after having been towed a distance of only around 16 kilometres (8.6nmi). You can add multiple filters by clicking '+ Add filter'. The listed occupations on the passenger lists give some indication of the wide range of skills that were on offer. Passenger Lucile Harris, who settled in Britain from the Caribbean, recalled her arrival in Tilbury in an interview with the BBC in 1998 to mark the 50th anniversary of the Windrush sailing. However, she struck an uncharted rock and sank after only two years in service. I was very excited.". Those who had not already arranged accommodation were temporarily housed in the Clapham South deep shelter in south-west London, less than a mile away from the Coldharbour Lane Employment Exchange in Brixton, where some of the arrivals sought work. [7], Monte Rosa was launched on 13 December 1930[13] and was delivered in early 1931 to Hamburg Sd. When you have more than six you have a party.". This matters if someone is trying to trace the history of a particular individual, an ancestor may have been on the Windrush but the fact is not easily found because their record was one of those that was not transcribed. Even the number of passengers has been widely misquoted the number 492 is constantly repeated, even by reputable historians, even though the official list records the names of 1027. [13], Monte Rosa's entry into service came just as the Great Depression was causing a serious downturn in Hamburg Sd's cruise business. At the end of the war, she was taken by the British Government as a prize of war and renamed the Empire Windrush. The transcription work took us three months but we have been able to use the database to check at the touch of a button whether someone was on board. Successful projects can use their funding to mark Windrush Day 2021 or launch their projects on 22 June to run throughout the year, following the impact of COVID-19. Archives, Open Government Licence [14], Monte Rosa ran aground off Thorshavn, Faroe Islands, on 23 July 1934,[15] but was refloated the next day. Windrush was one of around sixty empire ships that were named after British rivers. Help us improve catalogue descriptions by adding tags. About 500 migrants from the Caribbean arrived at Tilbury Docks in Essex on 22 June 1948 aboard the MV Empire Windrush, at the invitation of the British government, to help rebuild the UK in. - was one such guide. The original list is typed rather than handwritten as some were, so far so good, but unfortunately the entries are very unclear in places, so much so that some of the names are very difficult to decipher. Monte Rosa was named after Monte Rosa, a mountain massif located on the Swiss-Italian border and the second-highest mountain in the Alps. The rapid depletion of oxygen and the fire's noxious gasses were thought to have also caused the deaths of the four engine room crew. No excuse now for getting basic facts about the Windrush passengers wrong! [7][Note 4] The ship was then in the western Mediterranean, off the coast of Algeria, about 30 miles (48km) north-west of Cape Caxine. However, the case for Claud and Rudolph being brothers is weakened somewhat when we discover that the younger of the two, Rudolph, who was seventeen according to the passenger list, left the shelter after only a few days and moved to West London, leaving Claud, 23, behind. [85], In 2020, a fund-raising effort was begun for a project to recover one of the ship's anchors as a monument to the people of the Windrush generation. PA. People arriving in the UK between 1948 and 1971 from Caribbean countries have been labelled the Windrush generation. Partner websites are free to search but there may be a charge to view full transcriptions and download documents. [73], Around 26 hours after Empire Windrush had been abandoned, she was reached by HMSSaintes of the Royal Navy's Mediterranean Fleet 100km northwest of Algiers. List of passengers disembarking at London. (HINT : H.D. George Isaacs, the Minister of Labour, stated in Parliament that there would be no encouragement for others to follow their example. Its first use was as one of Hitler's "Strength through joy" cruise ships and named the MV Monte Rosa. Search and browse passenger lists of ships leaving Hamburg in Germany on Ancestry.com (). The ship also carried two Scotch marine boilers to produce high-pressure steam for some auxiliary machinery. The arrival of Empire Windrush was a notable news event. On leaving the ship on 22 June, the then 35-year-old began work the same day handing out rations at the shelter in Clapham where the Windrush passengers were staying. [34][13]Monte Rosa was renamed HMT Empire Windrush on 21 January 1947, for use on the SouthamptonGibraltarSuezAdenColomboSingaporeHong Kong route, with voyages extended to Kure in Japan after the start of the Korean War. [44], Of the other passengers, 119 were from Britain and 40 from other parts of the world. Page from the Empire Windrush passenger lists 1948 (BT 26/237), Transcript of the Empire Windrush passenger list (BT 26/1237) (Excel file, 27.50 Kb), Transcript of the Empire Windrush passenger list (BT 26/1237) (PDF, 47 Kb), Subscribe now for regular news, updates and priority booking for events.Sign up, All content is available under the Open Government Licence Search the passenger list and see recreated landing cards. In June of that year the ship arrived at Tilbury near London . 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