The name "influenza" is derived from the Latin word for "influence," and the pathogens that cause this disease are RNA viruses from the family Orthomyxoviridae. It affects people of all ages. Notably, avian influenza A (H5N1) and A (H7N9) viruses, as well as swine-origin A (H1N1), A (H1N2), and A (H3N2) variant viruses, have led to sporadic human infections globally. It is caused by several different viruses (see: RNA virus), which is why people can have the flu more than once.The name influenza comes from Italian: influenza, meaning "influence". co-infection with influenza did . Swine influenza viruses that infect humans through direct contact with infected pigs are considered "variant" viruses. Explanation. A filtered and purified influenza A vaccine for humans has been developed and many countries have stockpiled it to allow a quick administration to the population in the event of an avian influenza pandemic. Scientific American is the essential guide to the most . Avian influenza, or "bird flu," is a respiratory disease of birds caused by influenza A viruses. Influenza A viruses have an H and an N in the name referring to the scientific terms Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase. One kind is a glycoprotein called hemagglutinin (HA . Despite 50 years in intense research, influenza remains unique as the only truly pandemic viral infection of humans. Influenza A viruses with high pathogenicity in birds other than poultry, including wild birds, are also notifiable. A catchy name has spawned false statements and panic over being infected with two viruses at once . Influenza is a common disease of the respiratory tract. Time line of events and responses to the spread of HPAI H5N1, 1996-April 2010 (Continued) 214 MEA responses and timelines for Scientific Date Spread of HPAI H5N1 Scientific understanding—key points in time Task Force on AI and Wild Birds August New strain HPAI H5N1 (clade 2, EMA3) detected for the first time in Africa (Nigeria) September . Similarly, is rabies a bacteria or virus? Orthomyxoviridae is a family of single-stranded RNA viruses. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates 3-5 million severe flu cases . Using an unbiased search, we analyzed the . Type A - H1N1. The 1918 influenza pandemic did not, as many people believed, originate in Spain. the . — called also hydrophobia. The Medical and Scientific Conceptions of Influenza Scientific ideas about influenza, the disease and its origins, shaped the public health and medical responses. Influenza definition, an acute, commonly epidemic disease, occurring in several forms, caused by numerous rapidly mutating viral strains and characterized by respiratory symptoms and general prostration. Click to see full answer. adults aged ≥65 years. There are three types of influenza viruses: A, B, and C. Major epidemics are caused by A and B, and it is usually these two varieties that cause the flu. Report Save. High fever Cough Sore throat Runny nose Influenzavirus (one word) is the scientific name. Influenza B viruses are not divided into subtypes, but instead are further classified into two lineages: B/Yamagata and B/Victoria. Influenza transmission can be reduced by covering your nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing, and by washing hands often with soap and water or alcohol-based hand cleaners. Bird flu: Avian influenza — also known as 'bird flu' — is a subtype of influenza virus A (H5N1) that mainly affects birds. They have a diameter of about 100 nanometers, making them a medium sized virus. Examples: A (H7N9) virus, A (H7N9) infection, A (H7N9) outbreak. A highly contagious strain of avian flu is spreading throughout the U.S, and has been found in 15 states so far. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists. D,L-alpha-tocopherol is the scientific, chemical name for vitamin E. . Influenza (Flu) Viruses There are two main types of human flu viruses: types A and B. The Medical and Scientific Conceptions of Influenza Scientific ideas about influenza, the disease and its origins, shaped the public health and medical responses. In a "bad" flu year, around 30,000 people die in the UK from flu and pneumonia. 7. Influenza, commonly known as " the flu ", is an infectious disease caused by influenza viruses. This virus is substantially less virulent than the 1918 influenza virus, but it has the potential to acquire amino acid changes in its viral proteins that would increase its pathogenicity. The three virus types differ in host range and pathogenicity. Pasteur and Koch had solidified the germ theory of disease through clear experiments clever science. Quick Links CIV Diagnostic Frequently Asked Questions 2015 CIV Outbreak in the Chicago Area Detection Influenza virus was first identified as an infectious disease of dogs in 2004. So far, about 3,897 SFs have been defined and mapped in IRD for all the proteins of influenza A virus. Influenza viruses (of the family Orthomyx-oviridae) are enveloped negative-strand RNA viruses with segmented genomes containing seven to eight gene segments (43). A high genetic and antigenic variability is demonstrated in a broad spectrum of influenza A viruses ranging from avirulent to lethal ones. Influenza: The origin of the name Influenza earned its name from an Italian folk word that attributed colds, cough, and fever to the influence of the stars. What is the scientific name for the swine influenza which first started spreading fear in 2009? Since viruses are not alive, they do not have scientific names. MCQs: The scientific name for flu is - (A) influenza - (B) diarrhea In addition, this proposed name change would highlight that the emergence of zoonotic influenza viruses can impact This is where the "H" and "N" in the name come from. Supporting Documents for UK Influenza Pandemic Preparedness Strategy N/A N/A N/A 0 15652 For Information For Recipient's Use Routes of Transmission of the Influenza Virus: Scientific Evidence Base Review London, SE1 6LH (020) 7972 5303 Dr John Connolly Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Team Department of Health Share. The mortality rate of influenza is roughly 0.1 percent. Laboratory Data Laboratory surveillance for influenza and other respiratory viruses involves the use of data from clinical sentinel laboratories (hospital, academic, and private laboratories) and public . SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 also have a zoonotic origin. … In addition, although vaccines against this disease have been developed and used for the past four decades, they remain less effective than those used against other viral infections. produce, evaluate and introduce pandemic influenza vaccines in Viet Nam: 3 teams in U.S. & Vietnam. Avian influenza is sometimes called avian flu, and colloquially, bird flu. The flu virus usually spreads from person to person through coughing or sneezing. Flu can affect anyone but is especially serious for babies and older people. antigenic sites, enzyme catalytic centers, etc. Avian and swine influenza viruses can occasionally infect and cause disease in humans, usually associated with close exposure to infected animal populations. For the virus that caused the 2009 influenza pandemic, the letters "pdm" follow the name (i.e., influenza A/H1N1pdm). Spread by body fluids from infected people, symptoms include a runny nose and sore throat. Flu A viruses can be broken down into sub-types depending on the genes that make up the surface proteins. It's the common Influenza type A, . influenza, also called flu or grippe, an acute viral infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract that is marked by fever, chills, and a generalized feeling of weakness and pain in the muscles, together with varying degrees of soreness in the head and abdomen. Influenza B: Another type of seasonal flu that occurs mainly in mammals and seals. Swine influenza is of influenza type A, and there are four known virus subtypes - H1N1, H1N2, H2N1, H3N1, H3N2. The names "variant" and "seasonal" are used to differentiate The orthomyxoviruses (influenza viruses) constitute the genus Orthomyxovirus, which consists of three types (species): A, B, and C. These viruses cause influenza, an acute respiratory disease with prominent systemic symptoms. Wilking H, Buda S, von der Lippe E, et al. The genomes of all influenza . Classification of influenza viruses TRANSMISSION 2010;15. pii:19741. Avian influenza notifiable to OIE is defined as an infection of poultry caused by any influenza A virus with high pathogenicity (HPAI) and by H5 and H7 subtypes with low pathogenicity (H5/H7 LPAI). Strains of influenza A virus are named with H's and N's. H stands for hemagglutinin and N for neuraminidase. This review deals with factors that influence the virulence of influenza A virus. Received a $7.9 M grant from the USG to support the program • Established and managed technical scientific teams in the United States and Vietnam • To respond to the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, was seconded to the World Health 2017;8:861. They are called "influenza" or flu. But the scientific name . Such nomenclature is typically not necessary for scientific communications unless a specific strain is being described; this chapter uses simplified nomenclature referencing virus type/subtype without further specification. 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