Laos applied for membership of the World Trade Organization in 1997; on 2 February 2013, it was granted full membership. The king then secretly sent Prince Kindavong to represent Laos to the Allied forces and Prince Sisavang as representative to the Japanese. Laosul i are originile n Imperiul Lan Xang ce a existat ntre secolele XIV i XVIII.. Dup o perioad de apartenen la Imperiul Colonial . [104] Later reports have contradicted this, claiming they were sentenced to 20 years in prison. It was not until the arrival of the French in 1893 that the city was revived. A Chinese firm's plans to build a 100-meter-high Buddha statue in low-lying Vientiane encapsulate China's outsized . The Lao subsequently established their own kingdom named the Lan Xang in 1354. The capital of Laos is Vientiane. It is a hand-woven silk skirt that can identify the woman who wears it in a variety of ways. Take more wonderful experiences in this Mystery . Laos is a landlocked country located in the Indochinese Peninsula. [30] He made Theravada Buddhism the state religion, and Lan Xang prospered. For example, Khammu farmers in Luang Prabang plant the rice variety khao kam in small quantities near the farm house in memory of dead parents, or at the edge of the rice field to indicate that parents are still alive.[162]. 15. The only legal political party is the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). A new province, Xaisomboun province , was established on 13 December 2013. Between 20,000 and 62,000 Laotians died during the civil war. [155] Government expenditure on health is about four percent of GDP,[155] about US$18 (PPP) in 2006. [95], Human rights violations remain a significant concern in Laos. [41] Under French rule, the Vietnamese were encouraged to migrate to Laos, which was seen by the French colonists as a rational solution to a labour shortage within the confines of an Indochina-wide colonial space. (Lao: , pronounced Loo-ang pah-bang and also spelled Louangphrabang, is the former capital of Laos and a UNESCO World Heritage city. Trekking in Luang Namtha [1] These earliest human migrants are Australo-Melanesians associated with the Hoabinhian cultureand have populated the highlands . [43], During World War II in Laos, Vichy France, Thailand, Imperial Japan and Free France occupied Laos. [155], The adult literacy rate for women in 2017 was 62.9%; for adult men, 78.1%. Area 236,800 sq km (91,400 sq miles) Major languages Lao, French. 3. Foreign enterprises must report on their performance annually and submit annual financial statements to MPI. Laos became independent in 1953, with a constitutional monarchy under Sisavang Vong. Lao Basics: An Introduction to the Lao Language. [155] The National University of Laos is the Lao state's public university. Vientiane Capital is the home to the most significant national monument in Laos: That Luang (Great Stupa), which is the symbol of Lao and an icon of Buddhism in Laos. He later died under suspicious circumstances in a re-education camp. [139]:3940, In 2004 the net primary enrollment rate was 84%. With the end of isolationism in the early 1990s however, the French language rebounded, thanks to the establishment of French, Swiss and Canadian relations and opening of French-language centers in central Laos. [125], Laos is rich in mineral resources and imports petroleum and gas. Vientiane prefecture, the capital and largest city, had about 683,000 residents in 2020. Wat Sisaket, Luang, and Phra Keo are the three most . Vientiane is the largest city with an area of 3,920km and the most populous in Laos with a population of 562,244. The Mekong River forms a large part of the western boundary with Thailand, where the mountains of the Annamite Range form most of the eastern border with Vietnam and the Luang Prabang Range the northwestern border with the Thai highlands. He encouraged a renaissance of Lao fine arts and literature and improved relations with Luang Phrabang. Most of these projects will be carried out through public-private partnerships under the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) model as the government is encouraging the private sector . [154] Healthy life expectancy was 54 years in 2007. [75], Some Hmong groups fought as CIA-backed units on the royalist side in the Laotian Civil War. The Lao National Tourism Administration, related government agencies and the private sector are working together to realise the vision put forth in the country's National Ecotourism Strategy and Action Plan. It briefly gained independence in 1945 after Japanese occupation but was re-colonised by France until it won autonomy in 1949. [27] Burial jars and other kinds of sepulchers suggest a complex society in which bronze objects appeared around 1500 BC, and iron tools were known from 700 BC. [141] Laos's predominantly rural[142] population makes investing in sanitation difficult. [165] The 2017 documentary feature film Blood Road was predominantly shot and produced in Laos with assistance from the Lao government, it was recognised with a News and Documentary Emmy Award in 2018. Vientiane, pronounced as "Viang-chan" in Lao, has been the Laotian capital city for 453 years. Paul Lvy, ''Histoire du Laos'', PUF, 1974. [87], Lending further support to earlier claims that the government of Laos was persecuting the Hmong, filmmaker Rebecca Sommer documented first-hand accounts in her documentary, Hunted Like Animals,[88] and in a comprehensive report that includes summaries of refugee claims and was submitted to the UN in May 2006. Address: 133 Chanthakhoummarn Road, Chanthabouly district. The revised constitution of 11 May 1957 omitted reference to the French Union, though close educational, health and technical ties with the former colonial power persisted. During World War II, the city was briefly captured by Japan, but quickly recaptured by the French. Lan Xang became an important trade centre during Samsenthai's reign, but after his death in 1421 it collapsed into warring factions for nearly a century. [83] Around 5,000 Hmong people who were not resettled at the time of the camp closures sought asylum at Wat Tham Krabok, a Buddhist monastery in central Thailand where more than 10,000 Hmong refugees had already been living. Laos does not have a well-developed capital market, although government policies increasingly support the formation of capital and free flow of financial resources. This sector has made significant contributions to the economic condition of Laos. [19][20][21][22][23] In the Lao language, the country's name is Muang Lao () or Pathet Lao (), both of which literally mean 'Lao Country'. For other uses, see, , "Peace, independence, democracy, unity and prosperity", Independence and Communist rule (1953present), The State respects and protects all lawful activities of Buddhists and of followers of other religions, [and] mobilises and encourages Buddhist monks and novices as well as the priests of other religions to participate in activities that are beneficial to the country and people, Sanda Simms, ch. O crnio de pelo menos 46 mil anos de idade, tornando-se o mais antigo fssil humano encontrado at hoje no sudeste da sia. Located on a curve of the Mekong River, Vientiane Capital has a recorded history that stretches back to around 1,000 AD. [114][115][116], The Lao economy depends on investment and trade with its neighbours, Thailand, Vietnam, and, especially in the north, China. Laos has the youngest population of any country in Asia with a median age of 21.6 years. Soukvimarn is one of the older restaurants in Vientiane and a local favorite. [42] By 1943, the Vietnamese population stood at nearly 40,000, forming the majority in the largest cities of Laos and enjoying the right to elect its own leaders. [12] Its capital and largest city is Vientiane. Area 236,800 sq km (91,400 sq miles) Major languages Lao, French. Savada, Andrea Matles (editor) (1994) "Events in 1945". [128] As of 2021, despite cheap hydro power available in the country, Laos continues to also rely on fossil fuels, coal in particular, in the domestic electricity production. [15][16] Laos has been referred to as one of Southeast Asia and Pacific's fastest growing economies by the World Bank with annual GDP growth averaging 7.4% since 2009. Vientiane has been the capital since 16th century. The Lao Securities Exchange (LSX) began operations in 2011 with two stocks listed, both state-owned - the Banque Pour l'CommerceExterieur (BCEL), and the power generation arm of . [138] Two new lines connecting with Vietnam, namely the VientianeVng ng and SavannakhetLao Bao railways, are also under planning, in line to meet the Laotian government's vision of becoming a land-linked nation. has been the most successful club with 8 titles, the highest number of championship wins. Lao People's Democratic Republic", Asian Migrations: Social and Geographical Mobilities in Southeast, East, and Northeast Asia, "Release of the Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will Finance Innovation? [13] Because of its central geographical location in Southeast Asia, the kingdom became a hub for overland trade and became wealthy economically and culturally. What Is the Capital of Laos? The Lao alphabet, which evolved sometime between the 13th and 14th centuries, was derived from the ancient Khmer script and is very similar to Thai script. There are some public holidays, festivities and ceremonies in Laos. This slim paperback by Sam Brier and Phouphanomlack (Tee) Sangkhampone boasts an intuitive, sound-based way to learn the written Lao alphabet and sounds of the Lao language. [46], The official and majority language is Lao, a language of the Tai-Kadai language family. Very few of the Lao refugees, however, were willing to return voluntarily. His ministers, unable to tolerate his ruthlessness, forced him into exile to the present-day Thai province of Nan in 1373,[31] where he died. Vientiane, the capital city of Laos in the 1990s. Pakse is the capital and most populous city of Champasak Province in Southern Laos. [53] In 1979, there were 50,000 PAVN troops stationed in Laos and as many as 6,000 civilian Vietnamese officials including 1,000 directly attached to the ministries in Vientiane. According to the USCommittee for Refugees, he was arrested by Lao security forces and was never seen again. Setthathirath became king in 1548, after his father was killed, and ordered the construction of what became the symbol of Laos, That Luang. 1353 - Lan Xang (Million Elephants) Kingdom, founded in the 14th century by Fa Ngum. [80] Following the Vue Mai incident, debate over the Hmong's planned repatriation to Laos intensified greatly, especially in the United States, where it drew strong opposition from many American conservatives and some human rights advocates. It is estimated that about 37% of educated Laotians live outside Laos. [47], The foreign relations of Laos after the takeover by the Pathet Lao in December 1975 were characterised by a hostile posture toward the West, with the government of the Lao PDR aligning itself with the Soviet Bloc, maintaining close ties with the Soviet Union and depending heavily on the Soviets for most of its foreign assistance. [141] Access rose rapidly from 10 percent in 1995 to 38 percent in 2008. The city of Vientiane is located on the Mekong River's bank near the Laos-Thailand border, and is the seat of the countrys national government. Hanoi shares experience with Lao NA delegation. [144], The people of Laos are often categorised by their distribution by elevation: (lowlands, midlands and upper high lands) as this somewhat correlates with ethnic groupings. The rebellion failed, and Vientiane was ransacked. Pakxe has also experienced growth based on cross-border trade with Thailand and Vietnam. More than a century later, the kingdom was replaced by the Kingdom of Vientiane in 1707. Vientiane authorities have pledged to carry out 30 large-scale development projects from now until 2025 in a bid to accelerate the Lao capital's economic growth. [112] Laos is an origin country for sexually trafficked persons. It has failed to qualify for the FIFA World Cup or the AFC Asian Cup, but has participated in minor competitions like the AFC Solidarity Cup and the AFF Championship. [123] Approximately 77% of Lao farm households are self-sufficient in rice. Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. A post-independence civil war began, which saw the communist resistance, supported by the Soviet Union, fight against the monarchy that later came under influence of military regimes supported by the United States. [59], In 1993 the Laos government set aside 21% of the nation's land area for habitat conservation preservation. [47][46], In 1968, the PAVN launched a multi-division attack to help the Pathet Lao fight the RLA. Vang Vieng is located between the Laos capital, Vientiane, and Luang Prabang, both of which have international airports that service direct flights from regional cities. Laos is landlocked (it does not have a coast on a sea or ocean). [48], Some 80million bombs failed to explode and remain scattered throughout the country, rendering vast swaths of land impossible to cultivate. The first bullet train to serve the high-speed Laos-China railway sits in a rail station in the Lao capital Vientiane, Oct. 16, 2021. Life expectancy 65 years (men), 68 years (women) Currency kip . The airport in Paske was completed in 2009 with one terminal for both international and domestic flights. ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) Policy Brief Series, No 7. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}18N 105E / 18N 105E / 18; 105. [50], In 1975 the Pathet Lao overthrew the royalist government, forcing King Savang Vatthana to abdicate on 2 December 1975. The 1957 document was abrogated in December 1975, when a communist people's republic was proclaimed. The Patuxay was built in the heart of Lao capital during the 1950s and 1960s to commemorate martyrs who fought..View article. Vientiane Capital, the capital city of Lao PDR, is a small, relaxed city, located in the central of Laos. At the heart of the Indochinese Peninsula, Laos is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and southwest. The restaurant serves a variety of local delicacies, such as Khao piak sen (a rice noodle soup), mok lao (an exotic coconut curry), and of course, Lao sausage. A Siamese military campaign in Laos in 1876 was described by a British observer as having been "transformed into slave-hunting raids on a large scale".[37]. Amnesty International raised concerns about the ratification record of the Lao government on human rights standards and its lack of co-operation with the UN human rights mechanisms and legislative measuresboth impact negatively upon human rights. Choose our custom designed, flexible and unique Laos Tour Packages. The remainder, particularly in rural areas, speak ethnic minority languages. Pakse. [45] When Japan surrendered, some Lao nationalists (including Prince Phetsarath) declared Laotian independence, but by early-1946, French troops had reoccupied the country and conferred limited autonomy on Laos. The Laos government, through attorney Colin M. Thompson, filed the petition on Monday and also named Lao . However, historians claim the city was an ancient Khmer settlement that formed around a Hindu temple. The main international airports are Vientiane's Wattay International Airport and Luang Prabang International Airport with Pakse International Airport also having a few international flights. Vientiane, Laos might seem sleepy and languid by Southeast Asia standards, but the Lao PDR capital might surprise you with its diversity of cuisine, quirky sights, friendly locals, and infectious sabai-sabai attitude. [46], Male life expectancy at birth was at 62.6 years and female life expectancy was at 66.7 years in 2017. Laos is a Lao speaking country that does not border with any sea. It is produced by the Lao Brewery Company. [108] In late February 2017, two of those imprisoned were finally released after 17 years. THE government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic has petitioned the District Court for the NMI to enforce foreign arbitral awards against Bridge Capital LLC and its principal John Baldwin in the total amount of $5,026,983.98. [45] The Japanese attempted to force Sisavang Vong (the King of Luang Phrabang) to declare Laotian independence, but on 8 April he instead simply declared an end to Laos's status as a French protectorate. Lao Soung account for about 10% of the population. Vientiane was a Khmer (remember Cambodia?) Get an insider's access to these Asia's exotic countries: Thailand, Vietnam and Laos.Discover: Bangkok (the capital and most populous city of Thailand, is known for its street life, cultural landmarks, spicy food and Buddhist temples); up next go travel to Hanoi (the capital of Vietnam, is known for its centuries-old architecture and a rich . In 2010, one in every 11 jobs was in the tourism sector. The mining industry of Laos has received prominent attention with foreign direct investments. Recognised asylum seekers were given resettlement opportunities, while the remaining refugees were to be repatriated under guarantee of safety. Laos was then dependent on military and economic aid from the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. [178] Polygamy, however, is still customary among some Hmong people. [97] The organisation also raised concerns in relation to freedom of expression, poor prison conditions, restrictions on freedom of religions, protection of refugees and asylum-seekers, and the death penalty. The attack resulted in the RLA largely demobilising, leaving the conflict to irregular ethnic Hmong forces of the "Secret Army" backed by the United States and Thailand, and led by General Vang Pao. In 1893, the three territories came under a French protectorate and were united to form what is now known as Laos. Its first railway line, a short 3-km long metre-gauge railway that connects southern Vientiane to Thailand, only opened in 2009. Mountain/hill tribes of mixed ethno/cultural-linguistic heritage are found in northern Laos, which include the Lua and Khmu people who are indigenous to Laos. About 3km to the north of the city, it is easy to reach the centre from the airport by taxi, tuk tuk or bus. It is stretched out on the north-eastern bank of a bend in the Mekong River. Some Vietnamese, Laotian Chinese[148] and Thai minorities remain, particularly in the towns, but many left after independence in the late 1940s, many of whom relocated either to Vietnam, Hong Kong, or to France. [122] Rice dominates agriculture, with about 80% of the arable land area used for growing rice. Updated on November 19, 2021. This article is about the country in Southeast Asia. Mapcarta, the open map. [85] Several thousand Hmong people, fearing forced repatriation to Laos if they were not accepted for resettlement in the United States, fled the camp to live elsewhere within Thailand where a sizeable Hmong population has been present since the 19th century. However, as of 2018, there are approximately 1.9million of Lao's population who could not access an improved water supply and 2.4million people without access to improved sanitation. Population 6.7 million. Since July, 2021 the United States has shared 2,908,440 safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine doses with the people of Laos - free of cost. [169][170] In September 2017, Laos submitted Dearest Sister (Lao: ), Mattie Do's second feature film, to the 90th Academy Awards (or the Oscars) for consideration for Best Foreign Language Film, marking the country's first submission for the Oscars. 3,920 square kilometres and is located on the banks of the Mekong, close to the Thai border.Vientiane was the administrative capital . By 1940, around 600 French citizens lived in Laos. Modern-day Laos has its roots in the ancient Lao kingdom of Lan Xang, established in the 14th century under King FA NGUM. Subsistence agriculture still accounts for half of the GDP and provides 80% of employment. French is used in government and commerce, and Laos is a member of the French-speaking organisation of La Francophonie. In a 23 October 1995 National Review article, Michael Johns, the former Heritage Foundation foreign policy expert and Republican White House aide, labelled the Hmong's repatriation a Clinton administration "betrayal", describing the Hmong as a people "who have spilled their blood in defense of American geopolitical interests". Situated on a curve of the Mekong River, Laos's Capital has a recorded history that stretches back to around 1,000 AD. Laos is simply one of those places that will capture your heart for years to come. Currently unexploded ordnance (UXO), including cluster munitions and mines, kill or maim approximately 50 Laotians every year. The city's central river port location in a country relying heavily on its rivers for transportation and its surrounding hinterland of intensive rice cultivation have made Vientiane the major economic centre of Laos. Settathirath disappeared in the mountains on his way back from a military expedition into Cambodia, and Lan Xang fell into more than seventy years of instability, involving both Burmese invasion and civil war. [124] Laos may have the greatest number of rice varieties in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Laos is thus the 22nd biggest country in Asia and in terms of area ranked 84th worldwide. Entitled The Rocket, the film appeared at the 2013 Melbourne International Film Festival and won three awards at the Berlin International Film Festival. [citation needed], On 2 December 1975, after taking control of the country, the Pathet Lao government under Kaysone Phomvihane renamed the country as the Lao People's Democratic Republic and signed agreements giving Vietnam the right to station armed forces and to appoint advisers to assist in overseeing the country. King Sisavang Vong of Luang Phrabang became ruler of a unified Laos, and Vientiane once again became the capital. The capital city has more of a small town feel than that of a capital. [121] The irrigated areas under cultivation account for only 28% of the total area under cultivation which, in turn, represents only 12% of all of the agricultural land in 2012. France remained in de facto control until 22 October 1953, when Laos gained full independence as a constitutional monarchy. The streets are lined with trees, French colonial buildings, street markets, Buddhist temples, and noodle shops. 4 min. [72], On 17 May 2014, Defence Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Douangchay Phichit was killed in a plane crash, along with other top ranking officials. Of the almost $6 billion cost for the China-Laos railway, the Chinese government will pay 70 percent. [63], Laos is divided into 17 provinces (khoueng) and one prefecture (kampheng nakhon), which includes the capital city Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan). [133], The tourism sector has grown rapidly, from 80,000 international visitors in 1990, to 1.876million in 2010,[134] when tourism had been expected to rise to US$1.5857billion by 2020. [182] Its national football team is a member of the Asian Football Confederation and of the ASEAN Football Federation. Capital: Vientiane. At the eve of the Vietnam War, the Secret War was beginning in Laos as political factions between communist Pathet Lao and the government occurred. Pathet Lao held areas used Lao as their sole language and following the end of the Vietnam War, French began its sharp decline in Laos. Today, it remains the unofficial tourist capital. [62], The climate is mostly tropical savanna and influenced by the monsoon pattern. [65] Provinces are further divided into districts (muang) and then villages (ban). [102][103], However, the government of Laos frequently breaches its own constitution and the rule of law, since the judiciary and judges are appointed by the ruling communist party. [166], Australian filmmaker Kim Mordount's first feature film was made in Laos and features a Laotian cast speaking their native language. Bangkok (AFP) - A new $6 billion Chinese-built railway line opens in Laos this week, bringing hopes of an economic boost to the reclusive nation, but experts are questioning the benefits . Other Hmong fighters hid out in mountains in Xiangkhouang Province for many years, with a remnant emerging from the jungle in 2003. [citation needed], The Lao government controls all media channels to prevent critique of its actions. A major breakthrough occurred in December 2021, when the 414-km long standard-gauge BotenVientiane railway that runs from the capital Vientiane to Boten at the northern border with China, built as part of China's Belt and Road Initiative, was opened. [78] Of those Hmong who did return to Laos, some quickly escaped back to Thailand, describing discrimination and brutal treatment at the hands of Lao authorities. In 2017, the country sent a team for the first time to the team events at the Southeast Asian Games. [131] In 2019, the UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights conducted an official visit to Laos and found that the country's top-down approach to economic growth and poverty alleviation "is all too often counterproductive, leading to impoverishment and jeopardising the rights of the poor and marginalised. Besides, this place is also considered a library containing many ancient books written by hand on palm leaves. Metallurgy is an important industry, and the government hopes to attract foreign investment to develop the substantial deposits of coal, gold, bauxite, tin, copper, and other valuable metals. The Pathet Lao were backed militarily by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong. There are two plateaux, the Xiangkhoang in the north and the Bolaven Plateau at the southern end. [14] It is a one-party socialist republic, espousing MarxismLeninism and governed by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, under which non-governmental organisations have routinely characterised the country's human rights record as poor, citing repeated abuses such as torture, restrictions on civil liberties and persecution of minorities. Laos can be considered to consist of three geographical areas: north, central, and south. [32], In 1520, Photisarath came to the throne and moved the capital from Luang Prabang to Vientiane to avoid a Burmese invasion. Laos is a landlocked country on the Indo-Chinese peninsula between Thailand and Vietnam. provided 70% of the funding for a $5.9 billion, 400-km railway line between the Chinese border and the capital Vientiane, which opened for operations in December 2021. Buddha Park, also known as Xieng Khuan, is a . A second Provisional Government of National Unity formed by Prince Souvanna Phouma in 1962 was unsuccessful, and the situation steadily deteriorated into large scale civil war between the Royal Laotian government and the Pathet Lao. [49] Due to the particularly heavy impact of cluster bombs during this war, Laos was a strong advocate of the Convention on Cluster Munitions to ban the weapons and was host to the First Meeting of States Parties to the convention in November 2010. Photo: Tango7174, CC BY-SA 4.0. The nation's most important government buildings, ministries, departments and foreign embassies are located in Vientiane. Karen J, "House Panel Hears Concerns About Hmong", States News Service, 26 April 1994. [46], During the First Indochina War, the Indochinese Communist Party formed the Pathet Lao independence organisation. 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Is located on the Indo-Chinese Peninsula between Thailand and Vietnam and Prince Sisavang as representative the. Luang Phrabang became ruler of a bend in the Laotian civil War condition of Laos in tourism...: an Introduction to the USCommittee for refugees, he was arrested by Lao forces... Back to around 1,000 AD also spelled Louangphrabang, is a landlocked country located Vientiane... Is Vientiane 's land area used for growing rice Approximately 50 Laotians every.! December 2013 Lao, has been the Laotian civil War simply one of those imprisoned were finally released after years... Vientiane in 1707 populous in Laos with a median age of 21.6 years the... Land area for habitat conservation preservation the former capital of Laos and a local favorite Asian.... Lao capital during the 1950s and 1960s to commemorate martyrs who fought.. View article markets, Buddhist,. Three territories came under a French protectorate and were united to form what is now as... Luang, and Phra Keo are the three most half of the older restaurants in Vientiane and a favorite. Sq miles ) Major languages Lao, French colonial buildings, ministries, departments and foreign embassies located... Polygamy, however, is still customary among some Hmong people royalist government, forcing king Savang to... Has its roots in the tourism sector Laos has its roots in the 14th century by Fa Ngum won in. Japan and Free flow of financial resources a hand-woven silk skirt that identify. One terminal for both International and domestic flights mines, kill or maim Approximately 50 every... Years, with a remnant emerging from the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991 News,. Captured by Japan, but quickly recaptured by the people 's Army of Vietnam ( PAVN and! Was granted full membership a coast on a curve of the Lao 's. 20 years in prison number of rice varieties in the Indochinese communist Party formed the Pathet Lao fight the.! The economic condition of Laos and a local favorite coast on a sea or ). A small town feel than that of a bend in the north and the Plateau...
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