Beginning on January 14, 2022 the volcano erupted, generating a plume of ash that rose more than 20 kilometers (12 miles) above sea level. They are ridges a little over 100 meter high and 1.5 kilometers long, with vegetation. The volcano lies mostly underwater, about 20 miles southeast of Tonga’s Fonuafo’ou island in the South Pacific, reported CNN.It sits about 6,500 feet above the … While observations have had to be kept to a […] The topmost sequence of welded and unwelded ignimbrite units from a caldera-forming eruption was 14C dated to 1040-1180 CE (Cronin et al., 2017; Brenna et al. Sonar surveys revealed a large central caldera and features of previ-ous eruptions. Volcanic lightning split the sky above Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai during a particularly violent eruption January 15, 2022. Credit: Tonga Geological Services On January 15, the volcano Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai devastated the nation of Tonga. Volcanic Eruption and Tsunami. Let’s take a look at how the effects of the Hunga Tonga eruption were captured and measured across the globe. It rises 1.8 kilometers (1.1 miles) from the seafloor, stretches 20 kilometers (12 miles) across, and is topped by a submarine caldera 5 kilometers in diameter. M 5.8 Volcanic Eruption - 68 km NNW of Nuku‘alofa, Tonga Latest Earthquakes Overview Interactive Map Regional Information Impact Felt Report - Tell Us! Tonga is a collection of 169 islands in the South Pacific with a combined population of little more than 100,000 people. The Mount Pinatubo eruption of 1991 (VEI 6) pumped 15 million tons of sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the atmosphere and cooled the planet by 1C for the next year and a half. The motion, temperature change and size of the particles generated incredible amounts of static charge separation that flashed above the eruption. For the first two hours of the eruption, about 80% of all lightning strikes on Earth split … The authors estimate around 1.9 km 3 of material, weighing 2,900 teragrams, erupted from HTHH on Jan. 15. Two scales of Hunga eruptions The 2014/15 eruption created a volcanic cone, joining the two old Hunga islands to create a combined island about 5km long. The small volcanic island was formed in December 2014 when a subaquatic volcano erupted and sent ash and rock into the air. The hyphenated name is a combination of the two islands on either side of the new landmass. WATCH: Satellite imagery shows shockwave as Tonga's Hunga volcano erupts, causing tsunami pic.twitter.com/4r2gBFmAqE They are much smaller after the 2022 eruption. Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano located in the Kingdom of Tonga produced a powerful eruption on January 15 just after 5 p.m. Tonga Time (TOT). The two parts, the two islands that existed before 2015, are called Hunga-Ha’apai and Hunga Tonga. When the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano erupted on Saturday, it could be heard about 5,000 miles away in Alaska and produced an ash cloud the size of New England, The Washington Post reported. January 14, 2022 Tonga's Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcano begins erupting January 15, 2022 A second eruption from Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcano causes a tsunami affecting the Pacific region January 16, 2022 U.S. Activity decreased in early January, but then resumed with large eruptions occurring on January 13, 14, and 15 of 2022. This looping video shows a series of GOES-17 satellite images that caught an umbrella cloud generated by the underwater eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano on January 15, 2022. Assuming the pressure wave travels at or near the speed of sound (343 m s-1), it should have taken 3500 / 0.343 / 60 / 60 = about 2.8 hours to reach Sydney. The digital elevation maps above and below show the dramatic changes at Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha‘apai, the uppermost part of a large underwater volcano. The Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha’apai volcano had emerged in an eruption in 2009, and spewed out so many large boulders and ash in 2015 that a new island two kilometers long by one kilometer wide and 100 meters high was formed. Tonga, Volcanic Eruption and Tsunami, January 15, 2022. Figure 6: Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai in the months before the 2022 erup-tion. For the first two hours of the eruption, about 80% of all lightning strikes on Earth split the sky above Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai. … It’s roughly 3 500 km from Sydney to Tonga. Pinatubo, which is considered similar to the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haʻapai eruption, scored a 6 on the index. The Tonga eruption was recorded on pressure sensors over a wide number of places around the world, including the Island of Hawai‘i about 4,900 kilometers (3,000 miles) away. The Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) in Wellington, New Zealand, issued an advisory notice to airlines. The eruption occurred at around 3:15 PM Sydney time. This initial eruption ended at 02:00 on 21 December 2021. The Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha’apai volcano has erupted regularly over the past few decades. About 4.20am local time (3.10pm GMT on 13 January), the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano erupts, sending plumes of ash, steam and gas up to 20km into the atmosphere. During events in 2009 and 2014/15 hot jets of … On 15 January 2022, a major explosive eruption from Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai in Tonga occurred. A large plume of ash was visible from Nukuʻalofa, the capital city of Tonga, about 70 km (43 mi) from the volcano. Far-Flung Effects The state of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai island in April 2021. Neither island was large: before they were connected in 2015, each island was about 2 km (1.2 mi) long, with Hunga Tonga being roughly 390,000 m 2 (0.15 sq mi) and Hunga Haʻapai 650,000 m 2 (0.25 sq mi) in size. Tonga Volcano Eruption Caused Massive Space Plasma Disturbances on a Global Scale. Tonga volcano grows in size as eruption continues for sixth day 25 Dec, 2021 01:34 AM 2 minutes to read The Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai volcano in Tonga erupted 23 December 2021. However, the size of the eruption definitely surprised me. Did You Feel It? NASA: Tonga blast was 10 megatons, more powerful than a nuclear bomb Researchers who have been studying the volcano since 2015 say it was likely caused by seawater flowing into a chamber filled with magma. The island of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai as imaged by the satellite company Maxar on Jan. 6 (left) and Jan. 18 (right). Volcanic activitycontinued, and on 25 Dece… The 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga is one of the biggest volcanic eruptions ever captured from space by satellite cameras. The Hunga Tonga ha’apai volcanic eruption that occurred Friday evening sent pressure waves around the world, multiple times. ... expanding the size of the island. By RNZ.co.nz and is republished with permission Satellite imagery shows the island of Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha’apai has grown in size while the underwater volcano erupts into its sixth day. Technical Origin Waveforms Download Event KML View Nearby Seismicity Earthquakes Hazards Data & Products Learn Monitoring Research The digital elevation maps above and below show the dramatic changes at Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha‘apai, the uppermost part of a large underwater volcano. It rises 1.8 kilometers (1.1 miles) from the seafloor, stretches 20 kilometers (12 miles) across, and is topped by a submarine caldera 5 kilometers in diameter. January 14, 2022 Tonga's Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcano begins erupting January 15, 2022 A second eruption from Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcano causes a tsunami affecting the Pacific region January 16, 2022 U.S. Activity decreased in early January, but then resumed with large eruptions occurring on January 13, 14, and 15 of 2022. And I was just reading some analysis now about the column height being reaching well above 30 kilometres, and some estimates are as … A satellite captured images before and after a volcanic eruption off the South Pacific island of Tonga, which caused the volcanic island of Ha'apai to disappear almost entirely.The Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai volcano erupted on Saturday (January 15), triggering a tsunami on the shores of Tonga and cutting off phone and internet lines for the entire … One of the larger eruptions caused the size of the volcanic island to increase its size by ~45%. 2:30 pm on 25 December 2021. The January 15, 2022 eruption of an undersea volcano near Tonga sent literal shockwaves around the world. Figure 5: Hunga Tonga and Hunga Ha'apai islands, joined by a new volcanic cone, as observed by Cronin et al. Activity began picking up in late December 2021 with smaller eruptions, sending smoke and ash upwards of 12 km into the atmosphere. The eruption of the Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai volcano on Saturday was so large, it was a spectacle best appreciated from space. Tonga's head geologist Taniela Kula has been monitoring the eruption all week, which erupted again this morning. after the 2014- 2015 eruptions. The Jan. 15 eruption at Hunga Tonga - Hunga Ha'apai sent shock waves around the world, literally. Shane Cronin studied the island after the 2015 eruption. Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai is one of the most active volcanoes in this region in recent decades. Damage estimated at nearly $39 million pa’anga (US$17 million) was inflicted on Tonga’s agricultural sector by the 15 January Hunga Tonga and Hunga Ha’apai eruption which energised a tsunami and heavy volcanic ashfall over Tonga. Photo: Mary Lyn Fonua / … Tsunami waves created by the eruption arrived first at the islands of Tonga. The small andesitic islands of Hunga Tonga and Hunga Ha'apai are part of the western and northern remnants of the rim (~6 km diameter) of a largely submarine caldera located about 30 km SSE of Falcon Island. It is now gone. “But the volume of the eruption was not the big deal,” said Spera Satellite imagery shows the island of Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai has grown in size while the underwater volcano erupts into its sixth day. In 2015, Tongan government officials said eruptions at Hunga Ha'apai had formed a new island more than a kilometre long, joined to the existing island. On 15 January 2022, a major explosive eruption from Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai in Tonga occurred. The volcano had been actively erupting since 20 Dec 2021. Tonga’s head geologist Taniela Kula has been monitoring the eruption all week, which erupted again this morning. When Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai erupted in 2009 and 2014-2015, those eruptions were much smaller. The island of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai as imaged by the satellite company Maxar on Jan. 6 (left) and Jan. 18 (right). Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai is an uninhabited volcanic island located in the southwest Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and Fiji, to the northwest of Tonga. File image. While observations have had to be kept to a distance, new satellite imagery shows the island's land mass has grown since Monday. For the first two hours of the eruption, about 80% of all lightning strikes on Earth split the sky above Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai. "The island has grown 300-600metres to the eastern side. Hunga-Tonga Hunga-Ha’apai is an underwater volcano located near Tonga in the South Pacific. The eruption of Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha’apai sent ash, tephra (fragments of rock), volcanic gas, and steam 31 kilometers (19 miles) up into the atmosphere. The Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai eruption on Saturday was enormous; likely the largest in 30 years, according to experts.It injected a huge cloud of … So it has widened up a bit. Tonga estimates $39 million pa’anga damage to agriculture and crops caused by ashfall and tsunami . For the first two hours of the eruption, about 80% of all lightning strikes on Earth split the sky above Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai. The cone formed in an eruption in 2015, which filled in the hole between the two parts. Tonga volcano grows in size as eruption continues for sixth day. 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